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Lesser yellow-headed vulture
The lesser yellow-headed vulture (''Cathartes burrovianus'') also known as the savannah vulture, is a species of bird in the New World vulture family Cathartidae. It was considered to be the same species as the greater yellow-headed vulture until they were split in 1964. It is found in Mexico, Central America, and South America in seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, swamps, and heavily degraded former forest. It is a large bird, with a wingspan of . The body plumage is black, and the head and neck, which are featherless, are pale orange with red or blue areas. It lacks a syrinx, so therefore its vocalizations are limited to grunts or low hisses.
The lesser yellow-headed vulture feeds on carrion and locates carcasses by sight and by smell, an ability which is rare in birds. It is dependent on larger vultures, such as the king vulture, to open the hides of larger animal carcasses as its bill is not strong enough to do this. Like other New World vultures, the lesser yellow-headed vulture utilizes thermals to stay aloft with minimal effort. It lays its eggs on flat surfaces, such as the floors of caves, or in the hollows of stumps. It feeds its young by regurgitation.
==Taxonomy==
The lesser yellow-headed vulture was first described in 1845 by John Cassin. It is sometimes recognized as having two subspecies. The first, ''Cathartes burrovianus urubitinga'', described by Austrian ornithologist August von Pelzeln in 1851, is the larger of the two and is found from Argentina north to Colombia, while the nominate subspecies, ''Cathartes burrovianus burrovianus'', is smaller and found from northwestern South America through Central America to Mexico. The lesser yellow-headed vulture's genus, ''Cathartes'', means "purifier" and is from the Latinized form of the Greek ''kathartēs''/καθαρτης. The common name, vulture, is derived from the Latin word ''vulturus'', which means "tearer" and is a reference to its feeding habits.
The exact taxonomic placement of the lesser yellow-headed vulture and the remaining six species of New World vultures remains unclear.〔 Although both are similar in appearance and have similar ecological roles, the New World and Old World vultures evolved from different ancestors in different parts of the world. Just how different the two are is currently under debate, with some earlier authorities suggesting that the New World vultures are more closely related to storks.〔Sibley, Charles G. and Burt L. Monroe. 1990. ''(Distribution and Taxonomy of the Birds of the World )''. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-04969-2. Accessed 2007-04-11.〕 More recent authorities maintain their overall position in the order Falconiformes along with the Old World vultures〔Sibley, Charles G., and Jon E. Ahlquist. 1991. ''(Phylogeny and Classification of Birds: A Study in Molecular Evolution )''. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-04085-7. Accessed 2007-04-11.〕 or place them in their own order, Cathartiformes. The South American Classification Committee has removed the New World vultures from Ciconiiformes and instead placed them in ''Incertae sedis'', but notes that a move to Falconiformes or Cathartiformes is possible.〔Remsen, J. V., Jr.; C. D. Cadena; A. Jaramillo; M. Nores; J. F. Pacheco; M. B. Robbins; T. S. Schulenberg; F. G. Stiles; D. F. Stotz & K. J. Zimmer. 2007. ( ''A classification of the bird species of South America.'' ) South American Classification Committee. Retrieved on 2007-10-15〕 Like other New World vultures, the lesser yellow-headed vulture has a diploid chromosome number of 80.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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